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class="caseCmenu"> <h3>為什么高鹽廢水難處理？附高鹽廢水零排放關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和方法總結</h3> <span id="dhr93v9tpzzz" class="casemfx"> 所屬分類(lèi)：行業(yè)動(dòng)態(tài) 發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2023-09-01 作者： <div id="dhr93v9tpzzz" class="bdsharebuttonbox"> <i> 分享到：</i> <a href="#" class="bds_more" data-cmd="more"></a> <a href="#" class="bds_sqq" data-cmd="sqq" title="分享到QQ好友"></a> <a href="#" class="bds_weixin" data-cmd="weixin" title="分享到微信"></a> </div> <a href="#" class="scan" title="二維碼分享">二維碼分享 <div class="dhr93v9tpzzz" id="qrcode" style="display: none"> </div> </a> </span> </div> <div id="dhr93v9tpzzz" class="caseContainer"> <section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;color:#222222;background-color:#FFFFFF;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><section data-id="4503" data-tools="135編輯器" 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class="" data-fail="0" style="margin:15px 0px;padding:20px 15px 15px 48px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-position:10px 11px;border-width:0px;border-color:#00BBEC;border-radius:5px;line-height:1.75em;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16.36px;border-top-style:solid;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-style:solid;background-image:url("https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/cQIxkfrDbfTSYHmKCVVJv8SjDqToiaJk23xvIwYBeOyxia4gKCCPp181GGFkNcVpposIjHkMFauI8WaM1pa2AmJg/640?wx_fmt=png"background-repeat:no-repeat;background-color:#EFEFEF;visibility:visible;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;visibility:visible;text-align:left;line-height:1.75em;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#333333;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "letter-spacing:normal;text-align:justify;visibility:visible;font-size:15px;">為什么高鹽廢水難處理？一方面是缺乏技術(shù)，而另一方面則是缺乏經(jīng)濟可行性與可靠性。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;font-size:15px;">如果采取大部分稀釋流出的方法，不僅不能真正減少污染物的排放量，反而會(huì )造成淡水的浪費，特別是鹽水的排放，必然將導致土壤堿化和淡水水礦化。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;font-size:15px;">但如果將這一部分鹽水進(jìn)行水和鹽的分離，把這部分鹽進(jìn)行集中處理，便可以實(shí)現廢水“零排放”的效果，這樣既避免了水土污染，還能提高經(jīng)營(yíng)效率。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;font-size:15px;">也正因如此，廢水“零排放”技術(shù)已成為工業(yè)企業(yè)實(shí)現水資源可持續發(fā)展的一種重要措施。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;font-size:15px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#FFCA00;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;border-width:0px;border-style:none;border-color:initial;visibility:visible;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-bottom:1px solid black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-top-color:#000000;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;visibility:visible;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px 0px 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!important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">01什么是高鹽廢水？</span> </strong></span> </p> </section></section></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#FFCA00;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;border-width:0px;border-style:none;border-color:initial;visibility:visible;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-color:#E5D69D;visibility:visible;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-color:#E5D69D;visibility:visible;"> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center;border-color:#E5D69D;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#070707;visibility:visible;font-size:16px;"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t" mpa-is-content="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;">高鹽廢水的來(lái)源及水質(zhì)特征</strong></span> </p> </section></section></section></section> <p style="margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;widows:1;color:#333333;visibility:visible;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span></strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;widows:1;color:#333333;visibility:visible;">在我國，高鹽廢水的來(lái)源主要有三個(gè)：</span></strong></span> </p> <section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;visibility:visible;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible;">1、海水淡化過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的濃縮鹽水</strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">處理海水淡化產(chǎn)生的高鹽廢水主要有兩種方式：一是利用廢物回收產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟效益，實(shí)現真正的“零排放”；二是直接將高鹽廢水排入污水處理系統，河流，湖泊或海洋。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">但由于大多數沿海地區缺乏技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟成本，所以生產(chǎn)上一般選擇第二種處理方式。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">2、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中直接排放的高鹽廢水</strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">通常來(lái)說(shuō)，高鹽廢水中的無(wú)機鹽主要來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)廢水和生活污水（有鉀離子，鈣離子，鈉離子，氯離子，硫酸根離子等），而其含有的一些有機物質(zhì)，主要有甘油和低碳鏈化合物等。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">值得一提的是，大多數工業(yè)廢水除了含有上述鉀鈉鈣等無(wú)機鹽離子外，不同領(lǐng)域的工業(yè)廢水所含的無(wú)機鹽離子都有很大差異，甚至有些高鹽廢水還含有一些重金屬元素。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">3、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)廢水循環(huán)利用而產(chǎn)生的鹽水</strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">如鋼鐵企業(yè)，煤化工，石油等排水量較大的工業(yè)行業(yè)，它們?yōu)榱斯澕s能源和減少排放，在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中需要回收大部分水再利用，在再利用過(guò)程中也會(huì )有一定濃度的鹽水產(chǎn)生。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">這部分濃鹽水若不經(jīng)過(guò)處理再排放，會(huì )造成很大的環(huán)境污染。處理后不同的工業(yè)廢水將產(chǎn)生高含量的廢水，如鈣，鎂，鉀，鈉，氯離子，碳酸根離子等。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#4499E7;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;border-width:0px;border-style:none;border-color:initial;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-bottom:1px solid black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-top-color:#000000;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px 0px -1px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:6px solid #4499E7;border-top-color:#4499E7;border-right-color:#4499E7;border-left-color:#4499E7;font-size:22px;"> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;border-color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px;"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> <span mpa-is-content="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">02高鹽廢水處理方法有哪些？</span> </strong></span> </p> </section></section></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#4499E7;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;border-width:0px;border-style:none;border-color:initial;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-color:#E5D69D;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-color:#E5D69D;"> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center;border-color:#E5D69D;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#070707;font-size:16px;"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t" mpa-is-content="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">傳統生物處理方法難發(fā)揮</strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> </section></section></section></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">就目前來(lái)說(shuō)，高鹽廢水處理方法已經(jīng)達到數十種，主要包括<strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">熱法、膜法、離子交換法、水合物法、溶劑萃取法和冷凍法</strong>。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">其中熱法和膜法淡化技術(shù)是目前大規模工業(yè)化應用所采用的主要技術(shù)。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">熱法主要可以分為多級閃蒸（MSF）、多效蒸發(fā)（MED）和壓汽蒸餾（VC）。上個(gè)世紀九十年代的海水淡化技術(shù)主要是多級閃蒸，尤其是在中東國家，但MSF后期受到了多效蒸發(fā)和膜技術(shù)的巨大挑戰。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">以 RO 技術(shù)為代表的膜法脫鹽淡化技術(shù)，由于不需要大量熱能，對大、中、小規模的鹽水淡化都適用。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">對于高鹽廢水的零排放處理，直接蒸發(fā)結晶可以達到零排放目的，但是耗資耗能巨大，同時(shí)也浪費資源。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">采用膜技術(shù)可將高鹽廢水進(jìn)一步濃縮成超高鹽廢水，淡水部分可以直接回用，被濃縮超高鹽的廢水再經(jīng)過(guò)蒸發(fā)結晶，達到零排放，這樣極大的減少了能源消耗又合理的利用了一部分水資源。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">然而，膜技術(shù)對于進(jìn)水的水質(zhì)又有一定的要求。所以，高鹽廢水必須經(jīng)過(guò)預處理（藥劑軟化、過(guò)濾、離子交換等），這樣就能有效的減少了膜污染，對膜的使用壽命，出水水質(zhì)都有提高。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;" /> </span></section><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#4499E7;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;border-width:0px;border-style:none;border-color:initial;"><section style="margin:16px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-bottom:1px solid black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-top-color:#000000;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px 0px -1px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:6px solid #4499E7;border-top-color:#4499E7;border-right-color:#4499E7;border-left-color:#4499E7;font-size:22px;"> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;border-color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px;"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"> <span mpa-is-content="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">03高鹽廢水零排放關(guān)鍵技術(shù)</span> </strong></span> </p> </section></section></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#4499E7;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;border-width:0px;border-style:none;border-color:initial;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-color:#E5D69D;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;border-color:#E5D69D;"> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center;border-color:#E5D69D;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#070707;font-size:16px;"><strong mpa-from-tpl="t" mpa-is-content="t" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">3階段：預處理、膜處理、蒸發(fā)結晶</strong></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box !important;"> <br /> </p> </section></section></section></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">結合上文分析，高鹽廢水零排放關(guān)鍵技術(shù)可分為三個(gè)階段：預處理階段、膜處理階段、蒸發(fā)階段。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">1、預處理</strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">硬度分為總硬度、暫時(shí)硬度和永久硬度。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">其中，總硬度是指水中Ca2+和Mg2+的總量。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">暫時(shí)硬度又稱(chēng)碳酸鹽硬度，主要化學(xué)成分是 Ca(HCO3)2、Mg(HCO3)2。由于該鹽類(lèi)在加熱之后分解成沉淀物從水中，故稱(chēng)暫時(shí)硬度。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">永久硬度又稱(chēng)非碳酸鹽硬度，主要指水中CaSO4、MgSO4、CaCl2、MgCl2、Ca(NO3)2、Mg(NO3)2等鹽類(lèi)。這類(lèi)硬度不能用加熱方法去除，故稱(chēng)永久硬度。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">硬度是水質(zhì)的一項重要指標，去除水中的硬度稱(chēng)為水的軟化。目前，水軟化主要包括沉淀軟化法、強化結晶技術(shù)及吸附和離子交換法等幾種。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">藥劑軟化法</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">藥劑軟化法主要包括傳統藥劑軟化法和生物降解尿素產(chǎn)碳酸鹽沉淀法。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">傳統藥劑軟化法又分為石灰軟化法、石灰-石膏軟化法和石灰-純堿（蘇打）軟化法等。該類(lèi)方法的缺點(diǎn)是可能引起二次污染，并且藥劑的費用較高，成本將提高。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">生物降解尿素產(chǎn)碳酸鹽沉淀法主要是利用生物酶分解尿素等一系列生化反應后生成碳酸鹽沉淀，然后通過(guò)過(guò)濾去除。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">該方法缺點(diǎn)是反應過(guò)程中生成的銨根離子濃度較高，后續的處理成本也隨之增加。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">強化結晶技術(shù)</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">采用流化床去除水中硬度最早開(kāi)始于上世紀九十年代，流化床基本原理是利用氣體或者液體使固態(tài)的顆粒處于懸浮運動(dòng)狀態(tài)。某研究員利用向污水中曝氣，使污水的 pH 值升高的方法來(lái)強化結晶，結果磷酸鹽、Mg2+和Ca2+去除率分別達到了65%、51%和34%。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">現今，流化床反應器內的主要加入粒狀方解石（CaCO3）和石英砂等固體顆粒，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)不僅可以有效的去除鈣、鎂離子，并且可以回收利用產(chǎn)生的含有鈣鎂的沉淀物。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">吸附與離子交換法 </strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">離子交換除硬法主要用于膜處理之前，預先將水中的 Mg2+、Ca2+全部或部分去除。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">自20世紀以來(lái)，研究低成本、可再生的吸附劑一直是吸附和離子交換的重點(diǎn)研究?jì)热荨?/span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">國外有人利用藻酸鹽對水中 Mg2+、Ca2+離子的吸附取得了較好的效果，并且得到了推廣，這種無(wú)毒的多聚糖藻酸鹽是從褐藻中提取出來(lái)的。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">同時(shí)，也有人利用經(jīng)化學(xué)改性后的甘蔗蜜和絲光纖維素對水中的Mg2+、Ca2+進(jìn)行去除，去除效果也較為顯著(zhù)。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">離子交換樹(shù)脂是除硬的另一種材料，它是帶有相應功能基團的聚合物。將原水通入離子交換樹(shù)脂吸附柱中，水中的 Mg2+、Ca2+會(huì )和樹(shù)脂上的陽(yáng)離子進(jìn)行交換，達到去除水中硬度目的。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">目前，學(xué)者對多類(lèi)型的樹(shù)脂進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)。其中，美國Orica Watercare公司研制出了一種磁性弱酸陽(yáng)離子交換樹(shù)脂，用于去除硬度效果很好。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">2、膜技術(shù)</strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">上世紀80年代，反滲透、離子交換、微濾、超濾、納濾等膜逐步進(jìn)入推廣應用階段。膜技術(shù)的出現及應用，全面提高水處理方面的技術(shù)。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">到目前為止，伴隨著(zhù)膜技術(shù)的全面發(fā)展，衍生了很多新的技術(shù)。其中新型聚偏氟乙?。≒VDF）中空纖維疏水膜能夠達到99.9%的脫鹽效率，而且出水COD能保證范圍在30～40mg/L之間。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">同樣，一種新型膜分離技術(shù)—減壓膜蒸餾，其應用于高濃度溶液再濃縮、去除Mg2+、Ca2+等方面。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">對于低硬度水的深度處理技術(shù)主要有RO/電去離子(EDI)、反向電滲析(EDR)、電滲析(ED)和反向電去離子(EDIR)等。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">值得一提的是，RO/電去離子(EDI)（又稱(chēng)填充床電滲析）軟水技術(shù)是指在外加直流電場(chǎng)作用下去除水中鈣鎂離子的水處理工藝，這種技術(shù)具有深度除硬、連續產(chǎn)水、不用再生藥劑等特點(diǎn)。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">納濾(NF)、超濾(UF)、微濾(MF)</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">由于納濾操作區間介于超濾膜和反滲透之間，能截留納米級（0.001微米）的物質(zhì)，所以稱(chēng)之為“納濾”。其截留有機物的分子量約為200-800MW左右，截留溶解鹽類(lèi)的能力為20%-98%之間，對可溶性單價(jià)離子的去除率低于高價(jià)離子，納濾一般用于去除地表水中的有機物和色素、地下水中的硬度及鐳，且部分去除溶解鹽，在食品和醫藥生產(chǎn)中有用物質(zhì)的提取、濃縮。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">優(yōu)點(diǎn)是操作壓力低，通過(guò)量較大。納濾技術(shù)在有機物除鹽凈化、水軟化等方面都有明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和獨特的節能效果。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">超濾能截留大于0.01微米的物質(zhì)，允許小分子物質(zhì)和溶解性固體（無(wú)機鹽）等通過(guò)，去除大分子有機物、膠體、蛋白質(zhì)和微生物等，超濾是利用超濾膜的微孔蹄分機理，主要應用于飲用水、工業(yè)廢水處理及高純水制備等。微濾同樣利用微濾膜的蹄分機理，在壓力驅動(dòng)下，截留 0.1-1μm 之間的病毒、顆粒等。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">微濾能截留大于0.1-1微米之間的顆粒，允許大分子和溶解性固體(無(wú)機鹽) 等通過(guò)，但會(huì )截留懸浮物，細菌，及大分子量膠體等物質(zhì)。微濾膜的運行壓力一般為0.3-7bar。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">微濾膜分離機理主要是篩分截留，具有低操作壓力及高膜通量的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但一般微濾膜容易被污染，使用壽命低。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">超濾應用于醫藥、化工、水處理的等領(lǐng)域。微濾多用于給水預處理，也應用在醫藥、化工、電子等領(lǐng)域。超濾和微濾也都應用在高鹽廢水的處理中，但一般用作預處理。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;">反滲透（RO）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">反滲透是又稱(chēng)逆滲透，一種以壓力差為推動(dòng)力，從溶液中分離出溶劑的膜分離操作。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">目前，反滲透技術(shù)應用于預除鹽處理取得較好的效果。經(jīng)過(guò)反滲透處理后，能夠去除水中99.5%的鎂、鈣成分和水中99%的鹽分。能夠使離子交換樹(shù)脂的負荷減輕90%以上，樹(shù)脂的再生劑用量也可減少90%。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">因此，不僅節約費用，而且還有利于環(huán)境保護。反滲透技術(shù)還可用于除于水中的微粒、有機物質(zhì)、膠體物，對減輕離子交換樹(shù)脂的污染，延長(cháng)使用壽命都有著(zhù)良好的作用。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">在膜件生產(chǎn)技術(shù)日漸成熟、成本逐漸降低的情況下，反滲透在高鹽廢水處理方面也發(fā)揮著(zhù)很大的作用。但高鹽廢水的電導率大于 25000us/cm 后，膜通量會(huì )迅速衰減，膜件結垢現象比較嚴重。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">值得一提的是，在反滲透的流程中配合高效結晶技術(shù)，就可以提高反滲透處理的水量、延長(cháng)膜件的使用壽命、處理更多的高鹽廢水。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;">正滲透（FO）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">由于正滲透與傳統膜的運行的原理不同，因此有著(zhù)特別的優(yōu)勢。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">比如，膜裝置組成簡(jiǎn)單，操作容易；正滲透膜施加壓力較低甚至不施加壓力，節約能耗，降低運行成本；正滲透對污染物分離能力比較強，有著(zhù)很高的截鹽率；對正滲透膜的污染幾乎是可逆的，清洗效率比較高等。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">在理想狀況下的正滲透膜需要具備截留率高、親水性好、水通量高的活性層，支撐層則應具有厚度薄、曲折因子低、孔隙率高、機械強度高的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還需具備抗污染能力較強并且可應用多領(lǐng)域等特征。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">早期研究中使用的正滲透膜主要是反滲透膜和改性的納濾膜。隨著(zhù)研究的不斷深入，發(fā)現由于反滲透有較厚的多孔支撐層，導致其濃差極化非常大，造成水通量降低很快。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;">膜蒸餾</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">膜蒸餾技術(shù)是蒸餾法與膜法相結合的一種膜分離技術(shù)。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">真空膜蒸餾的分離原理是，一側被抽成真空狀態(tài)，以用兩端的壓力差來(lái)實(shí)現對蒸汽的傳質(zhì)，通過(guò)膜來(lái)截留溶液中的其他物質(zhì)，在蒸餾過(guò)后冷凝得到液體，達到分離或濃縮作用。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">真空膜蒸餾的過(guò)程是操作溫度相對于其它膜蒸餾過(guò)程可以更低，滲透通量可以更大，從而很方便地利用地熱、太陽(yáng)能及廢熱等廉價(jià)的熱源。 </span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">最近幾年，通過(guò)真空膜蒸餾技術(shù)用于處理海水淡化濃鹽水的研究逐漸增多。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">有學(xué)者分別采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯微孔膜對RO海水淡化濃鹽水進(jìn)行真空膜蒸餾的研究。經(jīng)研究，膜的最大截留率可高達99.999%，所以通過(guò)此項技術(shù)可實(shí)現高效實(shí)現 RO 海水淡化濃鹽水的濃縮。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">這項技術(shù)以膜兩側的壓力差產(chǎn)生驅動(dòng)力，具有傳質(zhì)阻力小，熱利用效率高，分離效率高，膜通量大，無(wú)透過(guò)物蒸發(fā)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但同時(shí)這種工藝處理濃鹽水時(shí)同樣有結垢問(wèn)題以及膜污染等問(wèn)題。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">3、最終蒸發(fā)技術(shù)</strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">較高濃度的鹽水排出會(huì )對環(huán)境造成不利影響，造成該影響的主要緣由有兩個(gè)，一是鹽水濃度較高；二是鹽水的成分較多。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">蒸發(fā)技術(shù)所欲達到的效果一方面是壓縮較高濃度鹽水的體積，使其內部的鹽分結晶；另一方面是形成循環(huán)產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟，將析出的鹽分提供給將此作為原材料的廠(chǎng)商，實(shí)現“零排放”目的。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;">自然蒸發(fā)</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">自然蒸發(fā)的原理是運用陽(yáng)光的照射將水池中的較高濃度鹽水中的水分去除，從而達到較高濃度鹽水的飽和結晶點(diǎn)，使得鹽分析出，這個(gè)裝置稱(chēng)之為“蒸發(fā)塘”。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">該裝置的能源來(lái)自于太陽(yáng)光，因而這個(gè)裝置比較適宜在比較干燥，年降雨量較少且太陽(yáng)輻射能豐富的地方使用。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">該設施具有如下優(yōu)點(diǎn)，由于能源來(lái)自陽(yáng)光，因而熱源無(wú)壽命折損限制，日常維護較為容易，處理較高濃度鹽水的成本也比較低，可以抵抗負荷的沖擊。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">缺點(diǎn)則是，“蒸發(fā)塘” 裝置為非密閉性的裝置，較濃鹽水中的揮發(fā)性組分進(jìn)入大氣易造成空氣的污染。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">與此同時(shí)“蒸發(fā)塘”裝置的側面與下面的防滲透工程也十分關(guān)鍵，若處理不當，容易造成對巖土體、地下水源的惡性污染；</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">一般情況下，“蒸發(fā)塘”占地面積較大，在土地資源緊張的地方運用會(huì )造成一定的浪費；在“蒸發(fā)塘”運作過(guò)程中，蒸發(fā)出來(lái)的淡水資源很難得以利用，造成了一定的浪費。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;color:#007AAA;">熱法</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">基于熱法鹽水脫鹽淡化系統發(fā)展起來(lái)的熱法零排放技術(shù)，由于其能耗較低，多效蒸發(fā)是當代最常用的三大鹽水脫鹽淡化技術(shù)之一，在該技術(shù)的奠基下衍生出多效蒸發(fā)-蒸發(fā)結晶理論，并且被越來(lái)越廣泛的應用。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">國外學(xué)者探究了運用蒸發(fā)結晶的“無(wú)排放”系統。運用的是蒸發(fā)的蒸汽加熱匯入到蒸發(fā)器的水，其效能遠高于常規蒸發(fā)結晶設施。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;">多效蒸發(fā)（MEE）一般控制在3～6效蒸發(fā)，太少不夠節能，太多溫差不夠，系統太長(cháng)易出問(wèn)題。第一級蒸發(fā)器利用蒸汽加熱，后面的蒸發(fā)器依次利用前一個(gè)蒸發(fā)器產(chǎn)生的二次蒸汽作為熱源，實(shí)現多次熱能的重復利用，即為多效蒸發(fā)。</span></section><section style="margin:0px 0px 8px;padding:0px;outline:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 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